Saturday, December 7, 2013

Event Blog 3: "What Comes to Mind" Exhibit Opening with Remarks from Joyce Cutler-Shaw

This past Thursday, I visited Joyce Cutler-Shaw’s exhibit entitled “What Comes to Mind” in UCLA’s ART|SCI Gallery.  In the dimly lit room packed to capacity with UCLA students, I found it difficult to immerse myself in the art due to the distractions of my surroundings.  After a few minutes, I began to look at some of the work displayed and immediately became enthralled.

Picture of me next to photographs of skeletons framed inside images of a brain scan.

A series of photographs on the northern wall of the exhibit depicted different locales in New York’s Upper West Side.  The descriptions that accompanied the pictures explained the artist’s relationship with her mother and hometown, and how the locations in the photographs were significant to the memory of her mother.  The photographs were framed inside the image of a woman’s face, adding further to the collection's theme of the mind and memory.  It is interesting to note that acknowledgement of her mother’s death as a passage led Cutler-Shaw to the laboratories at UCSD School of Medicine, to study the natural phenomena of death and life.

Example of the frame with image of woman’s face from the exhibit.

About fifteen minutes into the exhibition opening, Cutler-Shaw was asked to say a few words about her work as Artist in Residence at UCSD’s School of Medicine.  She mentioned that 4 unique experiences with death (one of which was her mother’s), led her to approach the dean of the medical school to spend time drawing cadavers.  Cutler-Shaw believed it was very important to have respect for the cadaver she drew, and her mentality was that it was not about her, but rather it was about the cadaver.

After her talk, I spent a little more time exploring the exhibit, this time focusing on her work with anatomy.  I was very interested in her drawings of skeletons, limbs, and other body parts.  One drawing of a skeleton and its shadow really brought the idea of a skeleton to life.  Although we often think of skeletons as what lies under our bones, we don’t often see one in person because it lies under our skin.  However, Cutler-Shaw made it clear that a skeleton is very real and it too casts a shadow.

One of Culter-Shaw’s drawings of a skeleton and its shadow.


The exhibit as a whole put the studies of memory and anatomy in a different light.  Memory represents things that were, and anatomy represents things that are.

Saturday, November 30, 2013

Week 9 Blog: Space in Popular Culture

Of all of the topics covered this quarter, space is by far the scientific study that has penetrated itself most into the realm of popular culture.
It is interesting to note that Copernicus’ heliocentric views did not pierce public attention in its time.  Since his book, On the Revolution of the Celestial Spheres, was written in Latin, only academics of the time could read it (http://burro.astr.cwru.edu/stu/pre20th_europe_church.html).


Page from On the Revolution of the Celestial Spheres.

When did space enter popular culture?  It is hard to tell, but Jules Verne may have had something to do with it.  Considered one of the fathers of science fiction, Verne suggested a human trip to the moon in his 1865 novel, From the Earth to the Moon.  It is amazing that over 100 years before Neil Armstrong landed on the moon in 1969 (http://www.nasa.gov/centers/glenn/about/bios/neilabio.html), the mechanism that Verne suggested for the transportation to the moon would have worked.  However, it would have killed the passengers in the process (http://www.theoohtray.com/2011/06/17/classic-book-review-from-the-earth-to-the-moon-by-jules-verne/).


From the Earth to the Moon, by Jules Verne.

Fast forward to 1957 and the beginning of the space race with the launch of Sputnik, the world’s first artificial satellite launched into space.  After that, space in pop culture exploded.  “Plan 9 from Outer Space”, “Lost in Space”, “The Jetsons”, “Star Trek”, and “2001: A Space Odyssey” all debuted before the moon landing in 1969 (http://www.nytimes.com/2007/09/25/science/space/25pop.html?_r=0).
Even today, after the Obama administration nixed NASA’s return trip to the moon in 2011 (http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2010/02/01/obama-2011-budget-cuts-na_n_444606.html), space in popular culture remains strong.  With “Star Wars Episode VII” set to open in December 2015, I think it is safe to say that space travel will remain an integral part of popular culture for years to come (http://starwars.com/news/star-wars-episode-vii-to-open-december-18-2015.html).


“Plan 9 from Outer Space” (1959) Poster.

Works Cited
Borenstein, Seth. "Obama's 2011 Budget Kills NASA Moon Mission." The Huffington Post. TheHuffingtonPost.com, 01 Feb. 2010. Web. 30 Nov. 2013.
"The Church and Copernicus." The Church and Copernicus. Case Western Reserve University, 11 Jan. 2006. Web. 30 Nov. 2013.
Dunbar, Brian. "Neil Armstrong Bio." NASA. NASA, Aug. 2012. Web. 30 Nov. 2013.
Kennedy, Randy. "When the Space Age Blasted Off, Pop Culture Followed." The New York Times. The New York Times, 25 Sept. 2007. Web. 30 Nov. 2013.
McCarthy, Richard. "Classic Book Review: From the Earth to the Moon, By Jules Verne." The Ooh Tray. 17 June 2011. Web. 30 Nov. 2013.
"Star Wars: Episode VII to Open December 28, 2015." StarWars.com. 7 Nov. 2013. Web. 30 Nov. 2013.


Thursday, November 28, 2013

James Welling: Monograph, at Hammer Museum (Event Blog 2)

Date Attended: November 26, 2013

I visited James Welling’s “Monograph” exhibit at the Hammer Museum.  The exhibit features the life work of James Welling, a photographer who aside from exploring the documentary side of photography, explored the material and chemical nature of the field as well.  “Monograph” surveys the vast possibilities of photography from the real to the abstract.


Picture of me at the entrance to the exhibit.

In his collection “Los Angeles Architecture and Portrait”, Welling demonstrates his ability to create traditional photography by displaying architecture and portraits of his friends in a technically sound and aesthetically appealing manner.  It is apparent from his photographs in this collection that Welling was a true student of photography due to his use of photographic principles such as “The Rule of Thirds”.


Picture of Los Angeles Architecture, with 3x3 grid over it abiding by the “Rule of Thirds”.
http://jameswelling.net/assets/uploaded/images/la_c_9__1976_copy.jpg

It was Welling’s more abstract collections of art that really peaked my interest.  In “Degradés”, Welling used photographic technologies to create art without taking pictures with a camera.  “Degradés” consists of prints where half of the emulsion paper was exposed to one color and the other half was exposed to a different color using an enlarger.  Welling also avoids the use of camera and film in “New Abstractions”, where he placed pieces of white paper on emulsion paper, developed it, scanned it, and inverted the colors to create negative images.


Artwork from “New Abstractions”.
http://jameswelling.net/assets/uploaded/images/na_1__1998.jpg

The true beauty of this exhibit was how it appealed to both my scientific and aesthetic interests.  Photography has always been my favorite medium of art, since it lies at the intersection of optics, chemistry, and creativity.   Being surrounded by hundreds of Welling’s artistic compositions, conjured an overwhelming feeling of magnificence for what one man can achieve within the limited constraints of his field of study.  Not only does Welling emphasize the breadth of the field, he also extends the possibilities past its current boundaries, proving the unlimited nature of photographic art.  Overall, Welling’s life work demonstrates a deep appreciation for the field of photography as a whole and serves as a gift of gratitude to the field itself.

Tuesday, November 26, 2013

Event Blog 1: Eric Vilain Talk on Forrest Bess: Seing Things Invisible

Date Attended: Thursday, November 21, 2013

I attended a talk given by Dr. Eric Vilain at the Hammer Museum about Forrest Bess’s exhibit “Seeing Things Invisible”.  Dr. Vilain, Proffessor of Human Genetics at UCLA, spoke about the life work of Forrest Bess through the lens of his own research in intersexuality and the genetics of sexual development.

Picture of me at the exhibit.

Dr. Vilain opened with a medical description of gender ambiguity.  He explained that near the beginning of development, the gonads are bipotential and later develop into male or female genitalia.  Sometimes this development is stunted leading to ambiguous genitalia.  Even if surgery is performed at a young age to make the genitalia unambiguous, the children may show psychological symptoms due to the ambiguity.

Dr. Eric Vilain. www.uclahealth.org/EricVilain
Vilain then moved on to Bess’s views on sexuality.  According to Vilain, Forrest Bess suffered a mental breakdown after being beaten in the army for admitting his homosexuality.  After that, he isolated himself from society and began painting.  The majority of Bess’s paintings reflect his views on sexuality.  Bess’s view on sexuality, partially based on alchemy and the theories of Carl Jung, was that becoming a hermaphrodite was the key to eternal life.  He believed this so strongly that in 1960, Bess attempted to cut an opening to his urethra under his penis to achieve his hermaphroditic fantasy.  He failed to do so and ultimately died in 1977 at the age of 66.

Bess’s views on sexuality and immortality are the major themes of his artwork.  For example, in his 1957 painting, “The Hermaphrodite”, Bess draws shapes that, as Vilain explains, depict the gonads.  A lexicon found accompanying the exhibit explain that the color red symbolizes male, and the color white symbolizes female.  The juxtaposition of these colors and a depiction of the gonads properly express Bess’s views on intersexuality as previously discussed.

“The Hermaphrodite”, Forrest Bess, 1957 http://hammer.ucla.edu/exhibitions/detail/exhibition_id/242


After listening to the talk and spending some additional time wandering through the exhibit, I began to reflect upon my experience.  I realized how little I knew about intersexuality both scientifically and socially.  I realized that without the context of intersexuality and Bess's personal life provided by Dr. Vilain, I probably would have been lost while wandering through the exhibit.  I would not have been able to comprehend, let alone appreciate Bess’s artwork.

Sunday, November 24, 2013

Week 8: Nanotechnology Today

At first, I thought that nanotechnology was still in a very experimental stage.  Although the field itself is still in its infancy, it turns out that nanotechnology is currently used in many products and applications.

One such product is self-cleaning glass, where natural light and rain water keep the glass oil and grease free.  Self-cleaning glass works in two stages.  The first is a photocatalytic stage, in which oil and grease are broken down by interaction with natural UV light.  This process was made possible by the restructuring of titanium dioxide molecules at the nanoscale. (http://www.photocoat.com/What_is_Photocatalyst.html)  The next step is hydrophilic, in which the water particles slide off the glass easily as opposed to forming water droplets and sticking to the glass (http://www.pilkingtonselfcleaningglass.co.uk/how-it-works/).  Whether a material is hydrophilic or hydrophobic depends on the contact angles between the surface and the water molecules at the nanoscale (http://web.mit.edu/newsoffice/2013/hydrophobic-and-hydrophilic-explained-0716.html).  The glass material is modified at the nanoscale to make it hydrophilic.



Nanoclay is another material  that was developed using nanotechnology and used in several products.  Nanoclay is a one-nanometer thick material that can, among other things, improve the gas barrier properties of plastics.  (http://www.nanoclay.com/)  For this reason nanoclay is used in some plastic beer bottles to reduce the amount of CO2 that escapes from the bottle (http://www.ptonline.com/articles/prospects-brighten-for-pet-beer-bottles).


Some plastic beer bottles use nanoclay to reduce the amount of CO2 that escapes from the bottle.

It is clear that nanotechnology is a growing field, yet is still misunderstood by the masses.  How can knowledge of nanotechnology be brought to the masses?  I believe that nanotech art exhibits such as Christa Sommerer and Laurent Mignonneau’s Nano-Scape are a great way of educating the public.  In Nano-Scape, a wireless magnetic force-feedback interface allows users to touch invisible nano particles, and modify its shape.  This allows to the users to learn about nano-technology in a hands on way. (http://www.artabase.net/exhibition/2104-art-in-the-age-of-nanotechnology)



Works Cited
"Art in the Age of Nanotechnology." Artabase. Web. 24 Nov. 2013. <http://www.artabase.net/exhibition/2104-art-in-the-age-of-nanotechnology>.
Chandler, David L. "Explained: Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic." MIT's News Office. 15 July 2013. Web. 24 Nov. 2013. <http://web.mit.edu/newsoffice/2013/hydrophobic-and-hydrophilic-explained-0716.html>.
"How Self-Cleaning Glass Works." Pilkington Activ™ Self-cleaning Glass. Web. 24 Nov. 2013. <http://www.pilkingtonselfcleaningglass.co.uk/how-it-works/>.
Knights, Mikell. "Prospects Brighten for PET Beer Bottles : Plastics Technology." Plastics Technology. Jan. 2000. Web. 24 Nov. 2013. <http://www.ptonline.com/articles/prospects-brighten-for-pet-beer-bottles>.
"Organoclays Nanoclay Additives for Reinforced Plastics." Nanoclay.com. Web. 24 Nov. 2013. <http://www.nanoclay.com/>.
"What Is Photocatalyst." Photocoat. Web. 24 Nov. 2013. <http://www.photocoat.com/What_is_Photocatalyst.html>.




Sunday, November 17, 2013

Week 7 Blogs: Brain Visualizations

The organ that we least understand is clearly the brain.  It is interesting to analyze how scientists and artists have attempted to describe and learn about how the brain functions through illustrations and visualizations.

One notable illustration of the mind’s function was that of Franz Joseph Gall (1758-1828).  Gall was the founder of phrenology, the study of the relationships between a person’s character and the morphology of the skull (http://www.phrenology.org/intro.html).

Franz Joseph Gall (http://www3.niu.edu/acad/psych/Millis/History/2004/Phrenology_files/gall6.jpg)
Gall believed that the brain is a collection of organs representing the characteristics of the person and these functions are located in specific part of the brain.  Many phrenologists later drew pictures of skulls diagramming the locations of human faculties.  Although phrenology has been largely discredited, some of its basic premises have been justified such as localization of functions in the brain. (http://www3.niu.edu/acad/psych/Millis/History/2004/phrenology.htm)

Phrenological chart of faculties from 1883 (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:PhrenologyPix.jpg)
More recently, fMRI scans produce activation maps showing which parts of the brain are involved in a particular mental process (http://psychcentral.com/lib/what-is-functional-magnetic-resonance-imaging-fmri).  In fact, fMRI scans have made their way into art.  Suzanne Anker’s exhibit, “The Butterfly in the Brain”, overlays fMRI scans with images of butterflies in a display of axial symmetry (http://neurocritic.blogspot.com/2008/06/butterfly-in-brain.html)

An image from Anker’s “Butterfly in Brain” exhibit. (http://mappingthemarvellous.files.wordpress.com/2009/07/suzanne-anker-mri-butterfly-7-2008-digital-print-on-watercolour-paper-13-x-19.jpg?w=500)


We still know so little about the brain, perhaps the most important organ in our body.  However, visualization methods are rapidly improving.  For example, this past October, a paper was published on 3D visualization of the fetal brain (Oyama).  This gives me hope that we still may unlock the secret of the mind.

Works Cited
Devlin, Hannah. "What Is Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI)?" Psych Central.com. 30 Jan. 2013. Web. 17 Nov. 2013. <http://psychcentral.com/lib/what-is-functional-magnetic-resonance-imaging-fmri>.
"The History of Phrenology." Phrenology.org. 1 May 1998. Web. 17 Nov. 2013. <http://www.phrenology.org/intro.html>.
The Neurocritic. "The Neurocritic." The Neurocritic. 8 June 2008. Web. 17 Nov. 2013. <http://neurocritic.blogspot.com/2008/06/butterfly-in-brain.html>.
Oyama, R., M. Jakab, A. Kikuchi, T. Sugiyama, R. Kikinis, and S. Pujol. "Towards Improved Ultrasound-based Analysis and 3D Visualization of the Fetal Brain Using the 3D Slicer." Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology42.5 (2013): 609-10. Print.
"Phrenology." Northern Illinois University. Web. 17 Nov. 2013. <http://www3.niu.edu/acad/psych/Millis/History/2004/phrenology.htm>.

Sunday, November 10, 2013

Week 6: Feelings on Bio-Art

For the majority of this week’s lecture, I sat watching with my stomach clenched feeling quite disturbed and uncomfortable.   However, there were parts were I relaxed and took in the information with pure academic interest.  I would like to examine my comfort and discomfort with bio-art in an attempt to examine the moral issues of bio-art.
I was most disturbed by Stelarc’s Third Ear.  Stelarc had a full-sized human ear inserted in his left arm as a sub-dermal implant.  According to Stelarc, the ear “is not seen as a sign of lack but rather as a symptom of excess.”  (http://stelarc.org/?catID=20242)   Although, part of me was grossed out by the irregular obtrusion from beneath the skin, I was disturbed at the motivation for this artistic expression.  The motivation was to suggest an improved human being!

Stelarc presents his Third Ear. (http://streetanatomy.com/2012/06/27/stelarcs-third-ear/)


However, I was comforted by Kathy High’s work on transgenic mice.  High bought mice predisposed to human disease and cares for them with holistic methods in an attempt to prolong their lives.  (http://www.embracinganimal.com/ratlove.html)  Her artistic motivation is a feeling of empathy.  Her empathy is shown in her exhibit, “Embracing Animal” in which she refrained from displaying the rats in poses that are reserved for pets to avoid their portrayal as domesticated animals (http://www.aestheticsandculture.net/index.php/jac/article/view/5888/6622).

Kathy High's "Embracing Animal" exhibit. (http://www.aestheticsandculture.net/index.php/jac/article/viewFile/5888/6622/15665)


Finally, it is interesting that I felt indifferent to Eduardo Kac’s fluorescent bunny, Alba.  At first, I gathered that there was no real thought put into the matter of creating this fluorescent bunny.  Through further research, it became apparent that Kac’s really thought out the implications of the project, and ultimately deemed it both harmless and beneficial.  Its benefit, he believes, is to explore the relationship between humans and other species (http://www.ekac.org/gfpbunny.html#gfpbunnyanchor).  Unfortunately, Kac never got to take Alba home to interact with it, and was quite disturbed when he heard of the bunny’s death in 2002 (http://www.wired.com/medtech/health/news/2002/08/54399?currentPage=all).

Eduardo Kac and the fluorescent bunny, Alba. (http://www.ekac.org/gfpb1.jpeg)



Through reflection, I believe that a large amount of my discomfort for bio-art is from its motivation.  If the art’s motivation is to purely invoke thought and wonder, like in the case of Stelarc’s Third Ear, I believe that artwork is unjustified.  However, if the artwork is motivated by empathy or love, then I view the art as more palatable.

Works Cited
Aristarkhova, Irina. "Hosting the Animal: The Art of Kathy High." Journal of Aesthetics and Culture. Web. 10 Nov. 2013.
High, Kathy. "Rat Love Manifesto." Embracing Animal. Web. 10 Nov. 2013.
Kac, Eduardo. "GFP BUNNY." EKac.org. Web. 10 Nov. 2013.
Philipkoski, Kristen. "RIP: Alba, the Glowing Bunny." Wired.com. Conde Nast Digital, 12 Aug. 2002. Web. 10 Nov. 2013.
Stelarc. "Stelarc // Ear on Arm." Stelarc.org. Web. 10 Nov. 2013.